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3-3-27-3-ukhod-za-dizelem.html
3.3.27.3. Care of the dieselAs the diesel pollutes oil in lubricant system quicker, than the petrol engine, most of producers of cars provide more frequent change of oil and the filter.
Special oils of diesels are widely available today and, judging by responses, are quite effective. However any high-quality engine oil for carburetor engines will be suitable also for the diesel if only to change it through certain intervals. Read the label on bank in which the manufacturer usually instructs concerning diesels. If on this label you find nothing, then look at the label on a container in which banks were packed.
At engines with the top cam-shaft it is necessary to replace a gear belt through the specified intervals. Otherwise impact of the piston with valves when the belt suddenly tears is not excluded. Elimination of consequences of the last will involve from you considerable financial costs. In practice there were already cases of break of belts with a run to 48 thousand km, but it resulted from hit on them of oil or water because of depressurization according to lubrication systems and cooling. However, if you take in head to go, without changing a belt, after the run of 58 thousand km, then your unwillingness to spend time for timely replacement of a belt can turn back for you further considerably big expenses of time and money.
For replacement of the fuel filter buy the best of available to you. Some filters can externally look good, but "it is bad to fulfill the direct duties". Do not forget to replace also a sealing ring on the filter case. Still we will note that on the diesel it is equally difficult to prevent both fuel leak, and an air suction in fuel system which strongly break operation of the engine.
If air gets to fuel-supply lines, then removal it from there via the special valve by means of the small manual pump which is usually mounted for these purposes on the fuel pump of high pressure can be required. Many modern diesels have the power supply systems self-deleting air. It is only necessary to krutanut the engine a starter, and air will be removed.
It is difficult to avoid that in the fuel filter moisture therefore for some diesels on the dashboard the alarm lamp informing on availability of water in fuel system is provided was not condensed.
Usually when replacing oil it is required to check a condition of the filter only. However in case of operation of the car under trying conditions, such as the increased humidity and big differences between day and night temperatures, the thicket should check a condition of filters.
All diesels on cold smoke, but it should not be excessive. One of the most common causes of it is failure at the time of fuel supply by the pump of high pressure which easily is eliminated by repeated adjustment of the moment of injection on tags on a bent shaft and the pump. This work very much reminds adjustment of an initial corner of an advancing of ignition on the petrol engine. Operation can be performed on the idle engine, however it is better to get for these purposes a special lamp for installation of the moment of injection on the diesel which fastens a clip on a toplivopodvodyashchy tube of a nozzle and breaks out under the influence of pushes of the fuel passing on a tube.
Dribble of fuel through nozzles with leaky closed toplivopodayushchy channel is other reason that can lead to overflow of the cylinder fuel and, as a result, to excessive smoking at start-up. Except the general cleaning of nozzles and replacement about 110 thousand km which are worn out at a run, it is possible to make in house conditions little to check their work. Unless to remove them and to give to check on any control equipment.
New nozzles are not cheap, but you will be able to save the considerable sum, having addressed on the station which is engaged in repair of diesels and to calibrate nozzles at quite reasonable price. The price of service depends on an arrangement of the station and existence of shops of spare parts around it.
However you are able to prolong service life of nozzles, keeping clean the air which is soaked up by the diesel and fuel filters and by that to counteract pollution of nozzles. For these purposes it is necessary to fill in periodically in the fuel tank in a small amount special cleaners.
If to watch the fuel pump of high pressure, then it will function long and regularly. However we want to warn that its replacement – quite expensive invention.
Bad launch and low acceleration performance of the diesel can be caused by many things: substandard starting candles, the contamination of channels of fuel highways leading to fuel supply pressure drop, malfunction of fuel-supply lines and even the wrong installation of nozzles. It is easy to determine badly working starting candles by how the control bulb of prestarting warming up long does not die away.
Talk to owners of diesel cars, and you will see that none of them and want to think of again to take the wheel of the petrol car. Perhaps, there came also your turn if the diesel quite answers your inquiries.
The table of malfunctions and methods of their elimination on the diesel with the fuel equipment of Bosch
| Malfunction |
Codes of the possible reasons
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| The complicated start-up |
1 – 9, 12, 13, 20, 22
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| Unstable idling |
1, 2, 14, 18, 21, 22
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| Uneven idling of the heated-up engine |
2, 10, 13, 17, 20, 22
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| Interruptions in operation of the engine under loading |
1, 2, 4, 5 – 10, 16, 22
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| Falling of engine capacity |
1, 4 – 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19 – 22
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| The increased fuel consumption |
7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 21, 22
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| The engine does not stop |
3, 21, 22
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| Low acceleration performance, exhaust with black smoke, falling of engine capacity |
2, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 19 – 22
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| Gray exhaust at the maximum load (white or blue) |
1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 19, 22
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| Abnormal minimum and maximum turns of idling |
14, 15, 18, 21
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| The engine does not accelerate |
1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 19, 20, 21
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| The fuel pump of high pressure overheats |
16
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POSSIBLE NETSPRAVNOST
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ELIMINATION METHOD
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The empty fuel tank or is littered the ventilating valve of a tank
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To fill a tank, to wash out fuel-supply lines, to clear the ventilating valve
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Availability of air in fuel system
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To pump over fuel system, to eliminate an air suction
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The electromagnetic valve of the diesel or the regulator of starting supply of fuel is faulty
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To repair or replace
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The fuel filter is littered
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To replace the fuel filter
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Fuel-supply lines of low pressure are littered
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To restore sections of fuel-supply lines through passage
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Fuel-supply lines of low pressure are littered
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To wash out or replace fuel-supply lines
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Leaky connections, fuel-supply lines leak or are broken
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To tighten connections, to eliminate a leak
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Deposits of paraffin in the fuel filter
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To replace the filter, to use seasonal fuel
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Wrong advancing of injection of fuel
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To adjust an initial corner of an advancing of injection of fuel
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Nozzles of nozzles are faulty
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To repair or replace
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The air filter is littered
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To replace the filtering element
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The system of prestarting heating is faulty
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To replace faulty starting candles
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Distribution of injection on cylinders does not correspond to an order of their work
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To rearrange fuel-supply lines of high pressure in the required order
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Abnormal turns of idling
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To adjust the screw idling turns
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Abnormal maximum turns of idling
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To adjust the screw the maximum turns of the engine
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The valve is littered or faulty perepuskny
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To clear the calibrated channel or to replace the valve
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The delivery valve (on the four-cylinder diesel) or two valves is untight (on six-cylinder)
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To replace the valve(s)
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The effort of a buffer spring of the regulator of frequency of rotation of the diesel is not adjusted
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To adjust effort of a buffer spring
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The fuel supply advancing coupling is faulty
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To repair or replace the coupling
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Low compression
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To restore a compression
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The regulator of frequency of rotation of the engine is faulty or is not adjusted
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To adjust or replace the regulator
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The fuel pump of high pressure is faulty or does not give in to adjustment
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To remove the pump and to give to repair
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